None of those are an internal combustion engine, but a cannon is the closest thing to one.
A Cannon: The ancestor of the internal combustion engine -
The gun powder when ignited heat the air to a high temperature rapidly expanding it. The pressure of which increase so much it must escape by the point of least resistance; which in this case would be a cannon ball. In other instances thi would be used to move a piston, or multiple pistons instead of a projectile.
In modern era, thi method, using an alternate fuel method, would be used to drive multiple piston where heat energy is transferred to kinetic energy thu providing a moving force to an engine, which could be applied to such things as vehicles.
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