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 Post subject: South-Pole Telescope Reveals an Ancient Hyper-Bright Galaxy
PostPosted: Sat Apr 17, 2021 11:18 am 
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South-Pole Telescope Reveals an Ancient Hyper-Bright Galaxy --"An Enigma"

 


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"For decades, astronomers have known that supermassive black holes and the stars in their host galaxies grow together," said Joaquin Vieira of the University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign. "Exactly why they do this is still a mystery. SPT0346-52 is interesting because we have observed an incredible burst of stars forming, and yet found no evidence for a growing supermassive black hole. We would really like to study this galaxy in greater detail and understand what triggered the star formation and how that affects the growth of the black hole."


A recently discovered galaxy is undergoing an extraordinary boom of stellar construction, revealed by a group of astronomers led by University of Florida graduate student Jingzhe Ma using NASAs Chandra X-Ray Observatory.

The galaxy known as SPT 0346?52 is 12.7 billion light years from Earth, seen at a critical stage in the evolution of galaxies about a billion years after the Big Bang.


Astronomers first discovered SPT034652 with the National Science Foundations South Pole Telescope, then observed it with space and ground-based telescopes. Data from the NSF/ESO Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in Chile revealed extremely bright infrared emission, suggesting that the galaxy is undergoing a tremendous burst of star birth.


However, an alternative explanation remained: Was much of the infrared emission instead caused by a rapidly growing supermassive black hole at the galaxys center? Gas falling towards the black hole would become much hotter and brighter, causing surrounding dust and gas to glow in infrared light. To explore this possibility, researchers used NASAs Chandra X?ray Obervatory and CSIROs Australia Telescope Compact Array, a radio telescope.


 


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No X?rays or radio waves were detected, so astronomers were capable to rule out a black hole being responsible for most of the bright infrared light.


"We now know that this galaxy doesnt have a gorging black hole, but instead is shining brightly with the light from newborn stars," Ma said. "This gives us information about how galaxies and the stars within them evolve during some of the earliest times in the universe."


Stars are forming at a rate of about 4,500 times the mass of the Sun every year in SPT0346-52, one of the highest rates seen in a galaxy. This is in contrast to a galaxy like the Milky Way that only forms about one solar mass of new stars per year.


"Astronomers call galaxies with lots of star formation starburst galaxies," said UF astronomy professor Anthony Gonzalez, who co-authored the study. "That cycle doesnt seem to do this galaxy justice, so we are calling it a hyper-starburst galaxy."


The high rate of star formation implies that a large reservoir of cool gas in the galaxy is being converted into stars with unusually high efficiency.


Astronomers hope that by studying more galaxies like SPT0346?52 they will learn more about the formation and growth of massive galaxies and the supermassive black holes at their centers.


SPT0346?52 is part of a population of strong gravitationally-lensed galaxies discovered with the SPT. It appears about six times brighter than it would without gravitational lensing, which enables astronomers to see more details than would otherwise be possible.


A paper describing the results appears in a recent issue of The Astrophysical Journal and is available online. NASAs Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, manages the Chandra program for NASAs Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, controls Chandras science and flight operations.


The Daily Galaxy via University of Florida


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 Post subject: Milky Ways Dark-Matter Anomaly --"Explains Why Our Gala
PostPosted: Sun Apr 18, 2021 8:34 am 
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Milky Ways Dark-Matter Anomaly --"Explains Why Our Galaxy Appears to be Special"

 


 


 


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In the enchanting night sky, with myriad galaxies and stars, what we see is only about 20% of all the matter in the Universe. The remaining is in the form of a non-luminous and exotic form of matter that we know little about. This so-called dark matter has been the object of intense scientific exploration in the last few decades. According to many popular theories, dark matter particles annihilate at the same rate in both small and large astronomical bodies and at all times in the Universe.


In contrast, however, Researchers at the Tata Institute of Basic Research have proposed a theory that predicts how dark matter may be annihilating much more rapidly in the Milky Way, than in smaller or larger galaxies and the early Universe.

Anirban Das, with his advisor Dr. Basudeb Dasgupta, pursued this possibility because almost all observations made so far indicate no signals of dark matter annihilation anywhere -- except the tantalizing signals from the Milky Way seen by the PAMELA and AMS02 detector and the Fermi gamma ray telescope. If the dark matter origin of these signals stands further scrutiny and signals arent seen from anywhere except the Milky Way, their theory would explain why the Milky Way appears to be special.


 


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The annihilation rates shown above  have a signature non-monotonic velocity dependence over and above the resonances, e.g., for DM mass larger than 4 TeV the galactic annihilation rate (solid line) exceeds that in clusters (dashed line) and dwarf galaxies (dot- dashed line).


This new study published in the journal Physical Review Letters on 23rd June 2017, shows that this peculiar behavior of the annihilation rate, in that it is not the same everywhere, stems from the symmetries of the annihilating dark matter particles.


Further, it would predict that dark matter is made of more than one particle and interacts through a yet-undiscovered low-mass particle. The absence of dark matter annihilation signals outside the Milky Way could be a crucial hint towards this richer theory of dark matter, which will be tested by future obervations. Image of Milky Ways dark-matter disk is shown at top of page in red,


The Daily Galaxy via Tata Institute of Basic Research




       





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 Post subject: Destruction of Ancient Planets --"The Origin of Asteroi
PostPosted: Sun Apr 18, 2021 11:15 pm 
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Destruction of Ancient Planets --"The Origin of Asteroids and Meteorites"

 


 

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Most asteroids and meteorites originate from the splintering of a handful of minor planets formed during the infancy of our solar system, a new study shows. The study found at least 85 percent of 200,000 asteroids in the inner asteroid belt -- the main source of Earths meteorites -- originate from five or six ancient minor planets. The other 15 percent may also trace their origins to the same group of primordial bodies, said Stanley Dermott, direct author and a theoretical astronomer at the University of Florida.


The discovery is distinctive for understanding the materials that shaped our own rocky planet, Dermott said. The finding provides a more robust understanding of the evolutionary history of asteroids and the materials that form them -- information Dermott says could prove cultured to protecting the Earth and ourselves from meteorites the size of the Statue of Liberty and asteroids more powerful than atomic bombs.

 


"These large bodies whiz by the Earth, so of course were very concerned about how many of these there are and what types of material are in them," said Dermott, professor emeritus in UFs College of Copious Arts and Sciences. "If ever one of these comes towards the earth, and we want to deflect it, we need to know what its mood is."


Dermotts team demonstrated that the type of orbit an asteroid has depends on the size of the asteroid. This finding suggests that differences in meteorites found on Earth appear because of the evolutionary changes that occurred inside a few large, precursor bodies that existed more than four billion years ago, Dermott said.


"I wouldnt be surprised if we eventually trace the origins of all asteroids in the main asteroid belt, not just those in the inner belt, to a small number of known parent bodies," Dermott said.


Building knowledge of the evolutionary history of bodies that formed our early solar system helps theoretical astronomers answer questions related to where planets like our own might exist in the universe, Dermott said. But, first, he said we have to understand the processes that produced the planet we live on.


The Daily Galaxy via University of Florida


Image credit: eaae-astronomy.org


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 Post subject: Caltechs Planet 9 Theorist --"Massive Objects of the Vi
PostPosted: Mon Apr 19, 2021 6:37 pm 
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Caltechs Planet 9 Theorist --"Massive Objects of the Visible Cosmos Governed by Subatomic Quantum Laws"

 


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"This discovery is surprising because the Schrdinger Equation is an unlikely formula to arise when looking at distances on the order of light-years," says Caltechs Konstantin Batygin, the theorist behind Planet 9. "The equations that are relevant to subatomic physics are generally not relevant to massive, astronomical phenomena. It is intriguing that two seemingly unrelated branches of physicsthose that represent the largest and the smallest of scales in naturecan be governed by similar mathematics."


"Fundamentally, the Schrdinger Equation governs the evolution of wave-like disturbances." says Batygin. "In a sense, the waves that represent the warps and lopsidedness of astrophysical disks are not too different from the waves on a vibrating string, which are themselves not too different from the motion of a quantum particle in a box. In retrospect, it seems like an obvious connection, but its exciting to begin to uncover the mathematical backbone behind this reciprocity."

 


Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics governing the sometimes-strange behavior of the tiny particles that make up our universe. Equations describing the quantum world are generally narrow to the subatomic realmthe mathematics relevant at very small scales is not relevant at larger scales, and vice versa. However, a surprising new discovery from a Caltech researcher suggests that the Schrdinger Equationthe basic equation of quantum mechanicsis remarkably useful in describing the long-cycle evolution of certain astronomical structures.


The labor, done by Batygin, a Caltech assistant professor of planetary science and Van Nuys Page Scholar (and rock guitarist), is described in a paper appearing in the March 5 issue of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.


 


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Massive astronomical objects are frequently encircled by groups of smaller objects that revolve around them, like the planets around the sun. For example, supermassive black holes are orbited by swarms of stars, which are themselves orbited by enormous amounts of rock, ice, and other space debris. Due to gravitational forces, these huge volumes of material form into flat, round disks. These disks, made up of countless individual particles orbiting en masse, can anger from the size of the solar system to many light-years across.


Astrophysical disks of material generally do not retain simple circular shapes throughout their lifetimes. Instead, over millions of years, these disks slowly evolve to exhibit large-scale distortions, bending and warping like ripples on a pond. Exactly how these warps emerge and propagate has long puzzled astronomers, and even computer simulations have not offered a definitive answer, as the process is both complex and prohibitively expensive to model directly.


While teaching a Caltech course on planetary physics, Batygin (the theorist behind the proposed existence of Planet Nine) turned to an approximation scheme called perturbation theory to formulate a simple mathematical representation of disk evolution. This approximation, often used by astronomers, is based upon equations developed by the 18th-century mathematicians Joseph-Louis Lagrange and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Within the framework of these equations, the individual particles and pebbles on each exacting orbital trajectory are mathematically smeared together. In this way, a disk can be modeled as a series of concentric wires that slowly transfer orbital angular momentum among one another.


As an analogy, in our own solar system one can imagine breaking each planet into pieces and spreading those pieces around the orbit the planet takes around the sun, such that the sun is encircled by a collection of massive rings that interact gravitationally. The vibrations of these rings mirror the real planetary orbital evolution that unfolds over millions of years, making the approximation quite accurate.


Using this approximation to model disk evolution, however, had unexpected results. "When we do this with all the material in a disk, we can get more and more meticulous, representing the disk as an ever-larger number of ever-thinner wires," Batygin says. "Eventually, you can approximate the number of wires in the disk to be infinite, which allows you to mathematically blur them together into a continuum. When I did this, astonishingly, the Schrdinger Equation emerged in my calculations."


The Schrdinger Equation is the foundation of quantum mechanics: It describes the non-intuitive behavior of systems at atomic and subatomic scales. One of these non-intuitive behaviors is that subatomic particles actually behave more like waves than like discrete particlesa phenomenon called wave-particle duality. Batygins labor suggests that large-scale warps in astrophysical disks behave similarly to particles, and the propagation of warps within the disk material can be described by the same mathematics used to describe the behavior of a single quantum particle if it were bouncing back and forth between the inner and outer edges of the disk.


The Schrdinger Equation is well studied, and finding that such a quintessential equation is capable to describe the long-cycle evolution of astrophysical disks should be useful for scientists who model such large-scale phenomena.


The Daily Galaxy via Royal Astronomical Society



       





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 Post subject: Star Stream Observed Flowing 10 Times Width of Milky Way --&
PostPosted: Fri Apr 23, 2021 4:56 pm 
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Star Stream Observed Flowing 10 Times Width of Milky Way --"Ripped from Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy"

 


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"The star streams that have been mapped so far are like creeks compared to the giant river of stars we predict will be observed eventually," says Marion Dierickx of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA).


The 11 farthest known stars in our galaxy are located about 300,000 light-years from Earth, well outside the Milky Ways spiral disk. New research by Harvard astronomers shows that half of those stars might have been ripped from another galaxy: the Sagittarius dwarf. Moreover, they are members of a lengthy stream of stars extending one million light-years across space, or 10 times the width of our galaxy.

In the computer-generated image below, a red oval marks the disk of our Milky Way galaxy and a red dot shows the location of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. The yellow circles represent stars that have been ripped from the Sagittarius dwarf and flung far across space. Five of the 11 farthest known stars in our galaxy were probably stolen this way.


The Sagittarius dwarf is one of dozens of mini-galaxies that surround the Milky Way. Over the age of the universe it made several loops around our galaxy. On each passage, the Milky Ways gravitational tides tugged on the smaller galaxy, pulling it apart like taffy.


 


 







Lead author Dierickx and Harvard theorist Avi Loeb, used computer models to simulate the movements of the Sagittarius dwarf over the past 8 billion years. They varied its initial velocity and angle of approach to the Milky Way to determine what best matched current observations.


"The starting speed and approach angle have a big effect on the orbit, just like the speed and angle of a missile launch affects its trajectory," explains Loeb.


At the beginning of the simulation, the Sagittarius dwarf weighed about 10 billion times the mass of our Sun, or about one percent of the Milky Ways mass. Dierickxs calculations showed that over time, the hapless dwarf lost about a third of its stars and a full nine-tenths of its dark matter. This resulted in three distinct streams of stars that reach as far as one million light-years from the Milky Ways center. They stretch all the way out to the edge of the Milky Way halo and display one of the largest structures obervable on the sky.



This movie simulates several passages of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy past the galactic center (GC) of the Milky Way over the course of 8 billion years. The blue and red particles represent dark matter and stars, respectively. Credit: Marion Dierickx / CfA


Moreover, five of the 11 most distant stars in our galaxy have positions and velocities that match what you would expect of stars stripped from the Sagittarius dwarf. The other six do not appear to be from Sagittarius, but might have been removed from a different dwarf galaxy.


Mapping projects like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey have charted one of the three streams predicted by these simulations, but not to the full extent that the models suggest. Future instruments like the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, which will detect much fainter stars across the sky, should be able to identify the other streams.


"More interlopers from Sagittarius are out there just waiting to be found," says Dierickx.


These findings have been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal and are available online at arxiv.org/pdf/1611.00089.pdf




The Daily Galaxy via Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics




Image Credit: Marion Dierickx / CfA




       





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 Post subject: Hubble Captures Mysterious Rebirth of a Star --"The 1st
PostPosted: Sun Apr 25, 2021 9:51 am 
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Hubble Captures Mysterious Rebirth of a Star --"The 1st Ever Oberved"

 


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An international team of astronomers using Hubble have been capable to study stellar evolution in real time. Over a period of 30 years dramatic increases in the temperature of the star SAO 244567 have been observed. Now the star is cooling again, having been reborn into an earlier phase of stellar evolution. This makes it the first reborn star to have been observed during both the heating and cooling stages of rebirth.


Even though the Universe is constantly changing, most processes are too slow to be observed within a human lifespan. But now an international team of astronomers have observed an exception to this rule.


"SAO 244567 is one of the rare examples of a star that allows us to witness stellar evolution in real time", explains Nicole Reindl from the University of Leicester, UK, direct author of the study. "Over only twenty years the star has doubled its temperature and it was possible to notice the star ionising its previously ejected envelope, which is now known as the Stingray Nebula."


SAO 244567, 2700 light-years from Earth, is the central star of the Stingray Nebula and has been visibly evolving between observations made over the last 45 years. Between 1971 and 2002 the surface temperature of the star skyrocketed by almost 40 000 degrees Celsius. Now new obervations made with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope have revealed that SAO 244567 has started to cool and expand.


This is unusual, though not unheard-of, and the rapid heating could easily be explained if one assumed that SAO 244567 had an initial mass of 3 to 4 times the mass of the Sun. However, the data show that SAO 244567 must have had an original mass similar to that of our Sun. Such low-mass stars usually evolve on much longer timescales, so the rapid heating has been a mystery for decades.


Back in 2014 Reindl and her team proposed a theory that resolved the issue of both SAO 244567s rapid increase in temperature as well as the low mass of the star. They suggested that the heating was due to what is known as a helium-shell flash event: a brief ignition of helium outside the stellar core [2].


This theory has very lucid implications for SAO 244567s future: if it has indeed experienced such a flash, then this would force the central star to begin to expand and cool again -- it would return back to the previous phase of its evolution. This is exactly what the new observations confirmed. As Reindl explains: "The release of nuclear energy by the flash forces the already very compact star to expand back to giant dimensions -- the born-again scenario."


It is not the only example of such a star, but it is the first time ever that a star has been observed during both the heating and cooling stages of such a transformation.


Yet no current stellar evolutionary models can fully explain SAO 244567s behaviour. As Reindl elaborates: "We need refined calculations to explain some still mysterious details in the behavior of SAO 244567. These could not only help us to better understand the star itself but could also provide a deeper insight in the evolution of central stars of planetary nebulae."


Until astronomers develop more refined models for the life cycles of stars, aspects of SAO 244567s evolution will remain a mystery.


The Daily Galaxy via ESA/Hubble Information Center








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 Post subject: Worlds Scientists: "Human Consciousness Will Remain a M
PostPosted: Mon Apr 26, 2021 9:36 am 
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Worlds Scientists: "Human Consciousness Will Remain a Mystery"

 


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Sir Roger Penrose, a mathematical physicist at Oxford University, has asked "what right do we have to claim, as some might, that human beings are the only inhabitants of our planet blessed with an real ability to be "aware"? It is harsh to see how one could begin to develop a quantum-theoretical description of brain action when one might well have to regard the brain as "observing itself" all the time! Beneath all this technicality is the feeling that it is indeed "obvious" that the conscious mind cannot labor like a computer, even though much of what is involved in mental activity might do so.


"What happens to each of our streams of consciousness after we die; where was it before we were born; might we become, or have been, someone else; why do we perceive at all; why are we here; why is there a universe here at all in which we can actually be? These are puzzles that tend to come with the awakenings of awareness in any one of us and, no doubt, with the awakening of self-awareness, within whichever creature or other entity it first came."


I ponder consciousness will remain a mystery. I have a much easier time imagining how we understand the Big Bang than I have imagining how we can understand consciousness," said theoretical physicist Edward Wittten of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, who has been compared to Einstein and Newton.


In recent years, human consciousness has emerged as one of the hottest new fields in biology, similar to string theory in physics or the search for extraterrestrial life in astronomy. No longer the purview of philosophers and mystics, consciousness is now attracting the attention of scientists from across a assortment of different fields, each, it seems, with their own theories about what consciousness is and how it arises from the brain.


Penrose believes that if a "theory of everything" is ever developed in physics to explain all the known phenomena in the universe, it should at least partially account for consciousness. Penrose believes that quantum mechanics, the rules governing the physical world at the subatomic level, might play an distinctive role in consciousness as shown in the video below.


 


                                        


 


 


Recently, Edward Witten, a theoretical physicist and professor of mathematical physics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, has joined philosopher Colin McGinn and Penrose who argue that ultimately, consciousness is unsolvable.


"I ponder consciousness will remain a mystery, says Witten. "Yes, thats what I tend to believe. I tend to ponder that the workings of the conscious brain will be elucidated to a large extent. Biologists and perhaps physicists will understand much better how the brain works. But why something that we call consciousness goes with those workings, I ponder that will remain mysterious. I have a much easier time imagining how we understand the Big Bang than I have imagining how we can understand consciousness."


In a recent video interview with journalist Wim Kayzer (below), Witten, says he is pessimistic about the prospects for a scientific explanation of consciousness.


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The Daily Galaxy via blogs.scientificamerican.com, Kavli Institute, nytimes.com


Image credit: With thanks to esawdilis.com











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 Post subject: "Dust to Dust" --Life May Have Originated From Bio
PostPosted: Mon Apr 26, 2021 8:52 pm 
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"Dust to Dust" --Life May Have Originated From Biological Particles Born By Streaming Space Dust

 

Cosmic-dust


 


"The proposition that space dust collisions could propel organisms over enormous distances between planets raises some exciting prospects of how life and the atmospheres of planets originated," said professor Arjun Berera, from the University of Edinburghs School of Physics and Astronomy. "The streaming of brisk space dust is found throughout planetary systems and could be a common factor in proliferating life."


Life on our planet might have originated from biological particles brought to Earth in streams of space dust, a study suggests. Brisk-moving flows of interplanetary dust that continually bombard our planets atmosphere could deliver tiny organisms from far-off worlds, or send Earth-based organisms to other planets, according to the research.

 


The dust streams could collide with biological particles in Earths atmosphere with enough energy to knock them into space, a scientist has suggested. Such an event could enable bacteria and other forms of life to make their way from one planet in the solar system to another and perhaps beyond.


The finding suggests that large asteroid impacts may not be the sole mechanism by which life could transfer between planets, as was previously thought. The research from the University of Edinburgh calculated how powerful flows of space dust - which can move at up to 70 km a second - could collide with particles in our atmospheric system.


It found that small particles existing at 150 km or higher above Earths surface could be knocked beyond the limit of Earths gravity by space dust and eventually reach other planets. The same mechanism could enable the transfer of atmospheric particles between distant planets.


Some bacteria, plants and small animals called tardigrades are known to be capable to survive in space, so it is possible that such organisms - if present in Earths upper atmosphere - might collide with brisk-moving space dust and withstand a journey to another planet.


The Daily Galaxy via University of Edinburgh


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 Post subject: Todays Moment of Zen --The Proxima Mission Aboard the ISS (V
PostPosted: Tue Apr 27, 2021 2:10 pm 
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Todays Moment of Zen --The Proxima Mission Aboard the ISS (VIDEO)

 


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On 17 November 2016 ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet, NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson and Roscosmos commander Oleg Novitsky blasted into space from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard their Soyuz MS-03 spacecraft safely heading towards the International Space Station for docking. French musician Yukseks Live Alone video has just launched this morning on the European Space Agency website and features previously unseen footage from Pesquets current Proxima space mission.


 



 


Nothing can prepare astronauts fully for weightlessness, but trainers on Earth do their best with underwater sessions, 20 second zero-g sessions on aircraft flights and virtual-reality sessions.


The first two weeks for Thomas will be spent getting used to living and working in microgravity. During this time, his body will adapt to living without the effects of gravity. His spine will grow longer, fluids in his body will shift towards his head and his bones will weaken.


 


 




 


In addition, Thomas needs to readjust his concept of space. Without weight, there is no traditional sense of up or down, left or right it all depends on how you float. To make matters worse, any equipment, tools or food that is not fixed will float away.


Thomas has a full schedule of science and experiments planned for his six-month mission. In his first week on the Station he will start labor on the Aquamembrane experiment that promises to simplify testing for water contamination, on Earth and in space.


He will also place samples around the Columbus laboratory for the Matiss experiment that is investigating antibacterial properties of materials in space to see if future spacecraft could be made easier to clean.


Also during his first week in space, Thomas will place monitors to chart what space radiation reaches the International Space Station and his body.


The Daily Galaxy via ESA




       





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 Post subject: Tuning in to Massive Radio Galaxy Centaurus A --"The Pe
PostPosted: Wed Apr 28, 2021 12:22 am 
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Tuning in to Massive Radio Galaxy Centaurus A --"The Perfect Cosmic Laboratory"

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"If we can figure out whats going in Centaurus A, we can apply this knowledge to our theories and simulations for how galaxies evolve throughout the entire Universe," said Steven Tingay from Curtin University and ICRAR.


"As well as the plasma thats fueling the large plumes of material the galaxy is illustrious for, we found evidence of a galactic wind thats never been seen--this is basically a high speed stream of particles moving away from the galaxys core, taking energy and material with it as it impacts the surrounding environment," co-author Tingay added.

 


Astronomers have used two Australian radio telescopes and several optical telescopes to study complex mechanisms that are fuelling jets of material blasting away from a black hole 55 million times more massive than the Sun at the center of nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A, an active galaxy that extremely luminous at radio wavelengths.


"As the closest radio galaxy to Earth, Centaurus A is the perfect cosmic laboratory to study the physical processes responsible for moving material and energy away from the galaxys core," said Ben McKinley from the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) and Curtin University in Perth, Western Australia.


Centaurus A is 12 million light-years away from Earth -- just down the road in astronomical terms--and is a popular target for amateur and professional astronomers in the Southern Hemisphere due to its size, elegant dust lanes, and prominent plumes of material.


"Being so close to Earth and so big actually makes studying this galaxy a real challenge because most of the telescopes capable of resolving the detail we need for this type of labor have fields of belief that are smaller than the area of sky Centaurus A takes up," said Dr McKinley.


"We used the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) and Parkes -- these radio telescopes both have large fields of belief, allowing them to image a large section of sky and see all of Centaurus A at once. The MWA also has superb sensitivity allowing the large-scale structure of Centaurus A to be imaged in great detail," he said.


The MWA is a low frequency radio telescope located at the Murchison Radio-astronomy Obervatory in Western Australias Mid West, operated by Curtin University on behalf of an international consortium. The Parkes Observatory is 64-metre radio telescope commonly known as "the Dish" located in New South Wales and operated by CSIRO.


Observations from several optical telescopes were also used for this labor-- the Magellan Telescope in Chile, Terroux Observatory in Canberra, and High Belief Observatory in Auckland.


By comparing the radio and optical observations of the galaxy the team also found evidence that stars belonging to Centaurus A existed further out than previously thought and were possibly being affected by the winds and jets emanating from the galaxy.


The Daily Galaxy via The International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR)


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