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 Post subject: NASAs Kepler Space Observatory: "Finds 20 New Planets O
PostPosted: Sun Oct 23, 2016 9:25 am 
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NASAs Kepler Space Observatory: "Finds 20 New Planets Orbiting Dim, Red Dwarf Milky-Way Stars --Highest Potential for Advanced Life"



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NASAs Kepler observatory has spotted 20 planets that orbit cool, small stars the largest such haul so far. These long-lived stars, known as K and M dwarfs, are ubiquitous in the Milky Way and could turn out to host numerous habitable planets.



Californias SETI Institute believes that planetary systems orbiting red dwarfs dim, long-lived stars that are on average billions of years older than our sun are worth investigating for signs of advanced extraterrestrial life. The star thats closest to our sun, Proxima Centauri, is a red dwarf. A variety of oberving efforts, including Cornells Pale Red Dot initiative, are looking for habitable planets around Proxima Centauri (shown above, including the recently discovered, Promxima b some 4 light years from Earth.

This may be one instance in which older is better, said astronomer Seth Shostak of California-based SETI, a private, non-profit organization which stands for Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Older solar systems have had more time to produce intelligent species.



After the Kepler spacecraft experienced a mechanical failure in 2013 that made it impossible for it to keep observing its original targets, astronomers gave it a new mission, called K2. It now uses pressure from sunlight to help stabilize the craft. The latest observations with K2 revealed 87 planet candidates, on top of 667 previously announced candidates, almost all with sizes between those of Mars and Neptune.



Although the original Kepler mission examined many Sun-like stars, the majority of stars in our Galaxy are smaller, fainter, cooler stars, known as red dwarfs. Such stars make up nearly half the targets of the K2 mission.



There are more than 250 of them within 30 light-years all over the place which is why some other astronomers here might call them the vermin of the sky, says Courtney Dressing, an astrophysicist at the California Institute of Technology.



Since these stars are the most common ones in the Galaxy, they help us learn how common life might be, says Victoria Meadows, an astronomer at the University of Washington in Seattle.



Of the confirmed planets, 63 are smaller than Neptune, and a few could be even smaller than Earth. But these small candidates remain to be confirmed. Dressing believes that these are probably false positives caused by other phenomena such as cosmic rays or an instrumental glitch.



Five of the confirmed planet candidates are in or near their stars habitable zone, the region thats neither too close to the star, nor too far from it, for life to arise. In our Solar System, the zone is roughly between the orbits of Venus and Mars.



Red dwarf stars give off less energy than larger, hotter stars, so their planets habitable zones are closer in, often closer to their star than Mercury is to the Sun. Such planets transit frequently, some orbiting their star within just a few weeks, making it easier to use Keplers instruments to detect the tell-tale dimming of stellar light.



The focus on red dwarfs stems partly from the K2 missions constraints, which allow the astronomers less then three months to observe stars in its field of view before having to rotate the craft. Moving from field to field poses a challenge, but it also gives the team an opportunity to investigate more objects. Its fun to study a new set of stars every 80 days, Dressing says.



Dressings research also paves the way for more sensitive future missions designed to look for Earth-sized planets, says Christa van Laerhoven, a planetary scientist at the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics in Toronto. Such missions include NASAs Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, scheduled to launch in December next year.



The Daily Galaxy via Nature nature.comand SETI Institute









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 Post subject: From the X-Files Dept: "Quantum Tunneling May Trigger D
PostPosted: Wed Oct 26, 2016 8:55 am 
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From the X-Files Dept: "Quantum Tunneling May Trigger Destruction of the Cosmos" (BELIEF VIDEO)



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Space vacuum that appears to be stable due to the complete absence of substance in it, is likely to be fraught with great danger. The idea about the destruction of the universe is based on the hypothesis of vacuum instability. Any system in our world has a certain amount of potential energy. But, space vacuum is not as exhaust as it may seem to be. Vacuum in space is dense with quantum particles, which, in turn, may seek their own "stability" to annihilate the material world in its entirety during the process.





A video about the possibility of self-destruction of our universe has gone on the Internet.











To select potentially dangerous vacuum, scientists introduced the notion of false vacuum, in which there is a certain Higgs field, an energy field that is thought to exist everywhere in the universe. The field is accompanied by a basic particle called the Higgs boson, which the field uses to continuously interact with other particles. As particles pass through the field they are "given" mass.



Scientists do not know what may trigger total annihilation, but at the same time, they admit that the disaster has already started somewhere in the universe. Noteworthy, our universe expands at the speed faster than the speed of light, so there is a chance to "fly away" from the sphere of death.



The image at the top of the page shows colliding matter and antimatter. Credit: NASA/CXC/M. Weiss



The Daily Galaxy via YouTube









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 Post subject: New Exoplanet Discoveries Reveal Red-Dwarf Stars as Likely H
PostPosted: Wed Oct 26, 2016 4:49 pm 
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New Exoplanet Discoveries Broadcast Red-Dwarf Stars as Likely Hosts to Large Populations of Earth-Like Water Worlds

 


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In August 2016, the announcement of the discovery of a terrestrial exoplanet orbiting in the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri (artists impression above) stimulated the imagination of experts and the general public. This star is the nearest star to our sun, though it is 10 times less massive and 500 times less luminous. This discovery, together with the discovery in May 2016 of a similar planet orbiting an even lower-mass star (Trappist-1), convinced astronomers that such red dwarfs (as these low-mass stars are called) might be hosts to a large population of Earth-like planets.


Computer simulations of the formation of planets orbiting in the habitable zones of low mass stars such as Proxima Centauri by astrophysicists at the University of Bern show that these planets are most likely to be roughly the size of the Earth and to contain large amounts of water.


What might these objects look like? What could they be made of? Yann Alibert and Willy Benz at the Swiss NCCR PlanetS and the Center of Space and Habitability (CSH) at the University of Bern carried out the first computer simulations of the formation of planets expected to orbit stars 10 times less massive than the sun.


"Our models succeed in reproducing planets that are similar in terms of mass and period to the ones observed recently," Alibert says regarding the results of the study, forthcoming as a letter in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. "Interestingly, we find that planets in close-in orbits around these type of stars are of small sizes. Typically, they anger between 0.5 and 1.5 Earth radii with a peak at about 1.0 Earth radius. Future discoveries will tell if we are correct," the researcher adds.


In addition, the astrophysicists determined the water content of the planets orbiting their small host stars in the habitable zone. They found that around 90 percent of the planets harbour more than 10 percent water. For comparison, the Earth has a fraction of water of only about .02 percent. The situation could be even more extreme if the protoplanetary disks in which these planets form last longer than assumed in the models. In any case, these planets would be covered by very deep oceans at the bottom of which, owing to enormous pressure, water would be in form of ice.


Water is required for life as we know it. So could these planets be habitable? "While liquid water is generally thought to be an cultured ingredient, too much of a good thing may be bad," says Willy Benz. In previous studies, the scientists in Bern showed that too much water may prevent the regulation of the surface temperature and destabilize the climate. "But this is the case for the Earth; here, we bargain with considerably more exotic planets that might be subjected to a much harsher radiation environment, and/or be synchronous," he adds.


To start their calculations, the scientists considered a series of a few hundreds to thousands of identical, low-mass stars, and around each of them, a protoplanetary disk of dust and gas. Planets are formed by accretion of this material. Alibert and Benz assumed that at the beginning, there were 10 planetary embryos in each disk with an initial mass equal to the mass of the moon. In a few days computer time for each system, the model calculated how these randomly located embryos grew and migrated. What kind of planets are formed depends on the structure and evolution of the protoplanetary disks.


"Habitable or not, the study of planets orbiting very low-mass stars will likely bring exciting new results, improving our knowledge of planet formation, evolution, and potential habitability," summarizes Benz. Because these stars are considerably less luminous than the sun, planets can be much closer to their stars before the surface temperature becomes too high for liquid water to exist. Considering that this type of star also represents the overwhelming majority of stars in the solar neighbourhood and that close-in planets are presently easier to detect and study, it is easy to understand why the existence of this population of Earth-like planets is of importance.


The Daily Galaxy via University of Bern











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 Post subject: "The Little Bee" --China Launches 1st Telescope Th
PostPosted: Fri Oct 28, 2016 2:18 am 
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"The Little Bee" --China Launches 1st Telescope That Mimics Compound Eyes of a Bee to Detect Powerful Explosions in Distant Galaxies

 


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A square-shaped probe, POLAR (Polarimetry of Gamma-ray Bursts), dubbed as "Little Bee" atop Chinas second space lab, Tiangong-2, an experimental space lab launched by China with two astronauts, is currently orbiting the Earth searching for the strongest explosions in the universe, the state-run Xinhua news agency reported.


"The 30-kgs device can be regarded as a telescope, but it is different from other telescopes, as it consists of 1,600 sensitive components to detect the polarisation of gamma-ray bursts. They are like the 1,600 facets in the compound eyes of bees. Thats why we call it Little Bee," said Zhang Shuangnan, principal investigator on the POLAR project and a paramount scientist at the High Energy Physics Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The device will help open a new window in the study of gamma-ray astronomy.


POLAR is the only international cooperation project on Tiangong-2, involving scientists from the University of Geneva, Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland and Polands Institute of Nuclear Physics, the report said.


Zhang said the project was aimed to "better understand the process of how the violent explosions happen."


Gamma-ray bursts are explosions that can last from 10 milliseconds to several hours that have been observed in distant galaxies. They are the brightest electromagnetic events known to occur in the universe.

The intense radiation of most observed gamma-ray bursts is believed to be released during a supernova or hypernova as a rapidly rotating, high-mass star collapses to form a neutron star, quark star or black hole.


Another extent of "Little Bee" is to determine whether gamma-ray bursts are related to gravitational waves. "If we can detect gamma-ray bursts at the same time gravitational waves happen, it will help us better understand gravitational waves," Zhang said.


The Daily Galaxy via Xinhua http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/











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 Post subject: "The Milky Way With Alien Eyes" --Enormous Radio S
PostPosted: Fri Oct 28, 2016 4:01 am 
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"The Milky Way With Alien Eyes" --Enormous Radio Survey Reveals Our Dazzling Technicolor Galaxy"

 


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A new belief of the Milky Way shows our galaxy bursting with a dazzling array of colors unlike anything weve seen before. This is the first radio survey to image the sky in such amazing technicolor, said Natasha Hurley-Walker, an astronomer at Curtin University and the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR).


The survey, called GLISTEN (GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA), has produced a catalogue of 300,000 radio galaxies observed by the MWA telescope.


The human eye sees by comparing brightness in three different primary colors red, green and blue, Hurley-Walker said.


This GLISTEN belief of the Milky Way reveals a bright red center (indicating the lowest radio frequencies), with the middle and highest frequencies represented by green and blue. (Find out how astronomer discovered that our part of the Milky Way is four times bigger than we thought.)


Each dot elsewhere in the image is another galaxyto date, the survey has catalogued 300,000 of them. That means some of the radio waves seen here have been traveling through space for billions of years.


GLISTEN does rather better than that, viewing the sky in 20 primary colors. Thats much better than we humans can manage, and it even beats the very best in the animal kingdom, the mantis shrimp, which can see 12 different primary colors.


Our team is using GLISTEN to find out what happens when clusters of galaxies collide, Hurley-Walker added. Were also capable to see the remnants of explosions from the most ancient stars in our galaxy, and find the first and last gasps of supermassive black holes.


GLISTEN is one of the biggest radio surveys of the sky ever assembled.



The area surveyed is enormous, said MWA Director Randall Wayth, also from Curtin University and ICRAR. Large sky surveys like this are extremely valuable to scientists and theyre used across many areas of astrophysics, often in ways the original researchers could never have imagined.


The results were published online Sept. 16 in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.


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 Post subject: "Impact Threat Rising" --Worlds Astronomers Confir
PostPosted: Fri Oct 28, 2016 5:40 am 
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"Impact Threat Rising" --Worlds Astronomers Confirm 15,000 Near-Earth Asteroids



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The number of know asteroids approaching Earth has grown rapidly since the count reached 10,000 only three years ago. Near-Earth objects, or NEOs, are asteroids or comets with sizes ranging from meters to tens of kilometers whose orbits come close to ours, meaning they could hit our planet. The discovered NEOs are part of a much larger population of more than 700 000 known asteroids in our Solar System.



The rate of discovery has been high in the past few years, and teams worldwide have been discovering on average 30 new ones per week, says Ettore Perozzi, manager of the NEO Coordination Center at European Space Agency (ESA) center in Rome, Italy. A few decades back, 30 were found in a typical year, so international efforts are starting to pay off. We believe that 90% of objects larger than 1000 meters have been discovered, but even with the recent milestone weve only found just 10% of the 100 m NEOs and less than 1% of the 40 meter ones.

The international effort to find, confirm and catalog the multitude of asteroids that pose a threat to our planet has reached a milestone: 15 000 discovered with many more to go.



Today, the two main discovery efforts are in the US: the Catalina Sky Survey in Arizona, and the Pan-STARRS project in Hawaii, jointly accounting for about 90% of the new bodies found.





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Asteroid trace over Chelyabinsk, Russia, on 15 February 2013 above.



ESA is contributing through its Space Situational Awareness program, setting up the center in Italy to blend new and existing European telescope data and support a new network to distribute information.



The center maintains the European Risk List, containing all objects for which an Earth-impact probability cannot yet be ruled out, however low, says Detlef Koschny, heading the NEO element of the Space Situational Awareness office.



There is only a tiny impact probability for any known object in the next 40 years, but all NEOs bear close watching to refine and understand their orbits.



The coordination center is also the focal point for scientific studies needed to improve warning services and provide near-realtime data to scientific bodies, international organisations and government decision-makers.



In recent years, astronomers working with or sponsored by ESA have concentrated on follow-up observations, confirming new objects and obtaining more reliable orbits. Some of this labor was done with ESAs own observatory on Tenerife in the Canary Islands.



Others have been instrumental in imaging or confirming the orbits of particularly interesting objects, such as asteroid 2016 RB1, which grazed our planet on 7 September 2016 by 34 000 km, within the orbit of many telecom satellites.



As part of the global effort to hunt out risky celestial objects such as asteroids and comets, ESA is developing an automated Fly-eye telescope for nightly NEO sky surveys. In the coming years, the pace of discovery is likely to increase.





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ESA is developing new fly eye telescopes to conduct automated nightly wide-sky surveys with their very large fields of belief. These are expected to begin operating around 2018. The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, being built in Chile, is set to begin hunting space rocks in the near future.



These future telescopes proposal the almost complete sky coverage and depth needed for humanity to be sure that as many NEOs as possible are discovered and identified before posing any threat.



The Daily Galaxy via ESA



Image top of page: With thanks to pics-about-space.com











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 Post subject: Eerie Glow of the Crab Nebulas Neutron Star --"Chinas G
PostPosted: Fri Oct 28, 2016 6:51 am 
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Eerie Glow of the Crab Nebulas Neutron Star --"Chinas Guest Star of The Year 1050"

 


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The eerie glow of a dead star reveals a tremendous dynamo at the heart of the Crab Nebula, spinning 30 times a second. The wildly whirling object produces a deadly magnetic field that generates an electrifying 1 trillion volts. This energetic activity unleashes wisp-like waves that form an expanding ring, most easily seen to the upper right in the NASA Hubble Space Telescope image above. The ghoulish-looking object still has a pulse. Buried at its center is the stars tell-tale heart, which beats with rhythmic precision.


The "heart" is the crushed core of the exploded star,  a neutron star, with about the same mass as the sun but is squeezed into an ultra-dense sphere that is only a few miles across and 100 billion times stronger than steel. The tiny powerhouse is the bright star-like object near the center of the image.


The nebulas hot gas glows in radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio to X-rays. The Hubble exposures were taken in visible light as black-and-white exposures. The Advanced Camera for Surveys made the observations between January and September 2012. The green hue has been added to give the image a Halloween theme.


The Crab Nebula is one of the most historic and intensively studied supernova remnants. Observations of the nebula date back to 1054 A.D., when Chinese astronomers first recorded seeing a "guest star" during the daytime for 23 days. The star appeared six times brighter than Venus. Japanese, Arabic, and Native American stargazers also recorded seeing the mystery star. In 1758, while searching for a comet, French astronomer Charles Messier discovered a hazy nebula near the location of the long-vanished supernova. He later added the nebula to his celestial catalog as "Messier 1," marking it as a "fake comet." Nearly a century later British astronomer William Parsons sketched the nebula. Its resemblance to a crustacean led to M1s other select, the Crab Nebula. In 1928 astronomer Edwin Hubble first proposed associating the Crab Nebula to the Chinese "guest star" of 1054.


The nebula, bright enough to be visible in amateur telescopes, is located 6,500 light-years away in the constellation Taurus.


The Daily Galaxy via NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center


 










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 Post subject: Todays Galaxy Insight --"A Globular Cluster Might be th
PostPosted: Fri Oct 28, 2016 7:16 am 
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Todays Galaxy Insight --"A Globular Cluster Might be the 1st Place Advanced Alien Life is Detected"

 


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We call it the globular cluster opportunity, says Rosanne Di Stefano of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). A globular cluster might be the first place in which intelligent life is identified in our galaxy. Sending a broadcast between the stars wouldnt take any longer than a letter from the U.S. to Europe in the 18th century. Interstellar travel would take less time too. The Voyager probes are 100 billion miles from Earth, or one-tenth as far as it would take to reach the closest star if we lived in a globular cluster. That means sending an interstellar probe is something a civilization at our technological level could do in a globular cluster, she adds.


Globular star clusters are amazing in almost every way. Theyre densely dense, holding a million stars in a ball only about 100 light-years across on average. Theyre old, dating back almost to the birth of the Milky Way. And according to new research, they also could be extraordinarily good places to look for space-faring civilizations.


The Milky Way hosts about 150 globular clusters, most of them orbiting in the galactic outskirts. They formed about 10 billion years ago on average. As a result, their stars contain fewer of the heavy elements needed to construct planets, since those elements (like iron and silicon) must be created in earlier generations of stars. Some scientists have argued that this makes globular cluster stars less likely to host planets. In fact, only one planet has been found in a globular cluster to date.  The ESO image above shows 47 Tucanae the second most luminous globular cluster in the Milky Way, after Omega Centauri.


 


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However, Di Stefano and her colleague Alak Ray of the Tata Institute of Basic Research in Mumbai, India, argue that this belief is too pessimistic. Exoplanets have been found around stars only one-tenth as metal-plentiful as our sun. And while Jupiter-sized planets are found preferentially around stars containing higher levels of heavy elements, research finds that smaller, Earth-sized planets show no such preference.


Its premature to say there are no planets in globular clusters, states Ray.


Another concern is that a globular clusters crowded environment would threaten any planets that do form. A neighboring star could wander too close and gravitationally disrupt a planetary system, flinging worlds into icy interstellar space.


However, a stars habitable zone the distance at which a planet would be warm enough for liquid water varies depending on the star. While brighter stars have more distant habitable zones, planets orbiting dimmer stars would have to huddle much closer. Brighter stars also live shorter lives, and since globular clusters are old, those stars have died out. The predominant stars in globular clusters are faint, long-lived red dwarfs. Any potentially habitable planets they host would orbit nearby and be relatively safe from stellar interactions.


Once planets form, they can survive for long periods of time, even longer than the current age of the universe, explains Di Stefano.


So if habitable planets can form in globular clusters and survive for billions of years, what are the consequences for life should it evolve? Life would have ample time to become increasingly complex, and even potentially develop intelligence.


 


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Such a civilization would enjoy a very different environment than our own. The nearest star to our solar system is four light-years, or 24 trillion miles, away. In contrast, the nearest star within a globular cluster could be about 20 times closer just 1 trillion miles away. This would make interstellar communication and exploration significantly easier.


The closest globular cluster to Earth is still several thousand light-years away, making it difficult to find planets, particularly in a clusters crowded core. But it could be possible to detect transiting planets on the outskirts of globular clusters. Astronomers might even spot free-floating planets through gravitational lensing, in which the planets gravity magnifies light from a background star.


A more intriguing idea might be to target globular clusters with SETI search methods, looking for radio or laser broadcasts. The concept has a long history: In 1974 astronomer Frank Drake used the Arecibo radio telescope to broadcast the first deliberate message from Earth to outer space. It was directed at the globular cluster Messier 13 (M13).



The Daily Galaxy via Harvard University


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 Post subject: NASA --"Sniffing for Life on Mars & Beyond"
PostPosted: Wed Nov 02, 2016 11:17 am 
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A sensing technique that the U.S. military currently uses to remotely monitor the air to detect potentially life-threatening chemicals, toxins, and pathogens has inspired a new NASA technology that could "sniff" for life on Mars and other targets in the solar systemthe Bio-Indicator Lidar Instrument, or BILI.



Branimir Blagojevic, a NASA technologist at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, formerly worked for a company that developed the sensor. He has applied the technology to create an instrument prototype, proving in testing that the same remote-sensing technology used to identify bio-hazards in public places also could be effective at detecting organic bio-signatures on Mars.


BILI is a fluorescence-based lidar, a type of remote-sensing instrument similar to radar in principle and operation. Instead of using radio waves, however, lidar instruments use light to detect and ultimately analyze the composition of particles in the atmosphere.


Although NASA has used fluorescence instruments to detect chemicals in Earths atmosphere as part of its climate-studies research, the agency so far hasnt employed the technique in planetary studies.


"NASA has never used it before for planetary ground level exploration. If the agency develops it, it will be the first of a kind," Blagojevic said.


As a planetary-exploration tool, Blagojevic and his team, Goddard scientists Melissa Trainer and Alexander Pavlov, envision BILI as primarily "a rovers sense of smell."


Positioned on a rovers mast, BILI would first scan the terrain looking for dust plumes. Once detected, the instrument, then would command its two ultraviolet lasers to pulse light at the dust. The illumination would cause the particles inside these dust clouds to resonate or fluoresce.


By analyzing the fluorescence, scientists could determine if the dust contained organic particles created relatively recently or in the past. The data also would broadcast the particles size.


"If the bio-signatures are there, it could be detected in the dust," Blagojevic said


The beauty of BILI, Blagojevic added, is its ability to detect in real-time small levels of complex organic materials from a distance of several hundred meters. Therefore, it could autonomously search for bio-signatures in plumes above recurring slopesareas not easily traversed by a rover carrying a assortment of in-situ instruments for detailed chemical and biological analysis. Furthermore, because it could do a ground-level aerosol analysis from afar, BILI reduces the risk of sample contamination that could skew the results.


"This makes our instrument an excellent complementary organic-detection instrument, which we could use in tandem with more sensitive, point sensor-type mass spectrometers that can only measure a small amount of material at once," Blagojevic said. "BILIs measurements do not require consumables other than electrical power and can be conducted quickly over a broad area. This is a survey instrument, with a nose for certain molecules."


With such a tool, which also could be installed on an orbiting spacecraft, NASA could dramatically increase the probability of finding bio-signatures in the solar system, he added.


"We are ready to integrate and test this novel instrument, which would be capable of detecting a number organic bio-signatures," Blagojevic said. "Our perfection is increasing the likelihood of their discovery."


Blagojevic hopes to further advance BILI by ruggedizing the plan, reducing its size, and confirming that it can detect tiny concentrations of a broad anger of organic molecules, particularly in aerosols that would be found at the ground level on Mars.


"This sensing technique is a product of two decades of research," Blagojevic said, referring to the technology created by his former employer, Science and Engineering Services, LLC.


The Daily Galaxy via NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center










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 Post subject: StarTalk Radio With Neil deGrasse Tyson --"Is Our Unive
PostPosted: Sat Nov 05, 2016 4:17 pm 
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StarTalk Radio With Neil deGrasse Tyson --"Is Our Universe an Incredibly Complex Simulation?"



Star-talk





Is our universe just an incredibly complex computer simulation? Or is it just one of many universes, each brought into existence by the choices we make? In this episode of StarTalk Radio, Neil deGrasse Tyson investigates the mood of reality, from quantum physics and string theory, to the multiverse and The Matrix.



To grapple with these questions, both very big and very, very small, Neil interviews his friend, theoretical physicist Brian Greene, while in studio, he gets help from co-host Maeve Higgins and David Chalmers, who is a Professor of Philosophy and co-director of the Center for Mind, Brain, and Consciousness at NYU.

Discover why the multiverse concept makes mathematical sense, at least through the lens of quantum physics. Youll hear how Schrdingers Cat can be simultaneously both dead and alive and why Plancks Constant has changed our understanding of how reality plays out on a quantum level.



Youll learn about the simulation hypothesis: that we are all living in a computer simulation, and why any evidence to the contrary (or glitches in the matrix) could be part of the simulation, too. Find out what Gdels incompleteness theorem says about the labyrinth of that simulated universe, and why the idea that we are all characters in a game designed by a pimple-faced 15-year-old from the future may be more in line with the laws of physics than the idea of a creative god.



Finally, explore the relationship between physics, string theory and music with Stephon Alexander, who is both a theoretical physicist and a musician. Plus, Chuck Benign heads to the streets to find out what the people know about theoretical physics, and Bill Nye ponders what life as a sim would be like.




LISTEN HERE









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