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 Post subject: Mattis says Trump wide open on Paris climate accord
PostPosted: Sun May 28, 2017 8:24 am 
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The secretary of defense tells Face the Nation the president is still considering whether the U.S. should remain in the climate change pact




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 Post subject: Five things you need to know about DUP politicians and scien
PostPosted: Mon Jun 12, 2017 2:40 pm 
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Five things you need to know about DUP politicians and science

Democratic Unionist Party politicians have voiced controversial views on climate change, HIV and creationism. Heres what theyve said on some key issues


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 Post subject: "Elusive!" --Planets 1st Manta Ray Nursery Discove
PostPosted: Wed Jun 20, 2018 10:12 am 
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"Elusive!" --Planets 1st Manta Ray Nursery Discovered (NOTICE Todays Galaxy Stream)

 


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Known as the gentle giants of the sea, oceanic manta rays (Mobula birostris) are large, plankton-eating rays that live in the open ocean and can reach sizes of up to 7 meters (23 feet) in wingspan as adults. Oceanic mantas are typically found in subtropical and tropical waters around the world with aggregation sites commonly found far from coastal areas, making their populations harsh to access and study. For this excuse, major knowledge gaps remain in their basic biology, ecology, and life history. Baby mantas are virtually absent from nearly all manta populations around the world, so even less is known about the immature life stage.


Now, a graduate student at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego and colleagues from NOAAs Office of National Marine Sanctuaries have discovered the worlds first known manta ray nursery.

Located in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Texas at NOAAs Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, the immature manta ray habitat is the first of its kind to be described in a scientific study.


Joshua Stewart, a marine biology Ph.D. candidate at Scripps and direct author of the study, observed the immature mantas while conducting research on manta population structure at Flower Garden Banks, one of 15 federally designated underwater areas protected by the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries.


"The immature life stage for oceanic mantas has been a bit of a black box for us, since were so rarely capable to notice them," said Stewart, who also serves as executive director of the Manta Trust, a global manta thrift program. "Identifying this area as a nursery highlights its importance for thrift and management, but it also gives us the opportunity to focus on the juveniles and learn about them. This discovery is a major advancement in our understanding of the species and the importance of different habitats throughout their lives."


 


 


 


 


Stewart has spent the past seven years studying manta rays and encountered hundreds of adults in the wild, but his sighting of a immature at Flower Garden Banks in 2016 was a rare encounter for him. After noticing several other small mantas in the area, he talked with the marine sanctuary staff to see if this was a accustomed occurrence.


Working with marine sanctuary staff, Stewart and colleagues looked through 25 years of dive log and photo identification data collected by sanctuary research divers. Mantas have unique spot patterns on their underside that can be used to identify individuals, much like a human fingerprint. Using the photo IDs and obervational data, Stewart and the marine sanctuary staff determined that about 95% of the mantas that visit Flower Garden Banks are juveniles, measuring an average of 2.25 meters (7.38 feet) in wingspan.


 


The researchers also compared the habitat use of mantas at the banks to established criteria for defining shark and ray nursery habitats and determined that the sanctuary is the worlds first confirmed manta nursery ground. Recent genetic evidence indicates that oceanic mantas and a proposed third manta species (Mobula cf. birostris) are present at the banks.v


Stewart and colleagues describe the manta nursery in a new study, "Distinctive immature manta ray habitat at Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico," published June 15 in the journal Marine Biology.


"This is exciting news for the manta rays in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico," said George P. Schmahl, superintendent of Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary. "The understanding that the mantas are utilizing the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, and possibly other reefs and banks in the region, as a nursery has increased the value of this habitat for their existence."


Flower Garden Banks is a pristine sanctuary about 100 miles south of Texas that harbors coral reef ecosystems that have remained far healthier than other reefs in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. These coral communities have grown on top of harsh substrate thrust out of the seafloor by the development of salt domes. The researchers suspect that the immature mantas are spending time at the relatively superficial banks to recover body temperature after accessing deep, cold waters off the continental slope.


Certain types of zooplankton are most abundant in these deeper habitats and are known to be a favorite prey item for mantas. The northern Gulf of Mexico is home to several species of large sharks, which may make basking at the surface a perilous way to warm up for small, immature mantas. Instead, the studys authors suspect that they retreat to the relative safety of the banks after diving into cold offshore waters. To confirm this, researchers at the sanctuary allot to begin tagging immature mantas at the banks to track their movements and diving behavior.


Discovery of the manta ray nursery underscores the importance of marine protected areas for thrift efforts. Manta rays are threatened globally by targeted fisheries and bycatch. Giant manta rays were listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in January of 2018.


Schmahl noted that Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary is actively pursuing a allot to expand the area protected within the sanctuary by adding additional reefs and banks located in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico, some of which are also known to provide habitat for the manta rays.


Scripps graduate student discovers worlds first known manta ray nursery

Female manta at Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary. Credit: G.P. Schmahl / FGBNMS

"Nowhere else in the world has a manta ray nursery area been recognized-which heightens the importance of the sanctuary for these pelagic species," said Schmahl. "The discovery of the sanctuary as a nursery area for the species raises many more questions, some of which we can hopefully start studying with Josh Stewart and other partners."


Stewart is the recipient of the Dr. Nancy Induce Scholarship, a NOAA program that gives scholars the opportunity to collaborate with sanctuaries on research that is directly relevant to management and thrift. He was originally visiting the Flower Garden Banks to collect tissue samples from mantas to determine if the population found there is genetically related to other populations found in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean.


Stewart hopes the discovery of the manta nursery will inform future projects that can dive deeper into understanding and protecting manta rays in the banks and surrounding areas.


"Theres so much we dont know about mantas and thats exciting from a science perspective because it means there are so many questions still waiting to be answered," said Stewart. "From a thrift perspective, it means that a lot of the questions that you get to answer will actually be meaningful and have an impact on management."


In addition to Stewart, study co-authors include Marissa Nutall, Emma Hickerson, and Michelle Johnston from NOAAs Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary.


Data used in this study were collected during cruises funded jointly by NOAAs Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS), the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, National Marine Sanctuary Foundation, and the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. Long-cycle monitoring data collection from 2010-2017 was funded through an interagency agreement between the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and NOAAs National Ocean Service, ONMS through Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary.


The Daily Galaxy via University of California - San Diego


 


 



       





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 Post subject: Europeans must take "destiny into our own hands,"
PostPosted: Sat Jun 23, 2018 3:21 am 
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Europeans must take "destiny into our own hands," Merkel says

G-7 leaders were unable to reach agreement on climate change after Trump said he needed more time to decide on key climate agree




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 Post subject: No, koalas are not functionally extinct, but they are in tro
PostPosted: Sat May 18, 2019 5:43 am 
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No, koalas are not functionally extinct, but they are in trouble

A thrift group has claimed that koalas are "functionally extinct". That isnt true, but many populations are falling sharply due to habitat loss and global warming

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 Post subject: "Zealandia" --Evidence Emerges for an Eighth "
PostPosted: Thu Feb 04, 2021 8:10 am 
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"Zealandia" --Evidence Emerges for an Eighth "Lost Continent" We Didnt Know Existed (VIDEO)

 


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Earth may have a continent we didnt even know existed, scientists say. "If the elevation of Earths solid surface had first been mapped in the same way as those of Mars and Venus - which lack the arbitrary datums of opaque liquid oceans - we contend that Zealandia would, much earlier, have been investigated and identified as one of Earths continents," according to geological scientists in a report by the BBC.


The team of geologists have argued in the research that New Zealand and New Caledonia arent actually a series of islands - but rather part of an ancient 5 million square kilometer continent called Zealandia. Ninety-four percent of Zealandias landmass is hidden beneath the ocean, with mountains breaching the oceans surface to form what we recognize as the island of New Zealand and New Caledonia.

The submerged land mass resides in the southwest Pacific Ocean adjacent to Australia. At nearly two million square miles, it meets the elevation and geology criteria to be considered a continent. Using satellite technology and maps of the seafloor, the scientists have concluded Zealandia is actually not as broken up as once thought and should be listed as one continuous continent next to the other seven.


"This is not a sudden discovery but a gradual realisation; as recently as 10 years ago we would not have had the accumulated data or confidence in interpretation to write this paper."


The scientists said classifying the area as one continent wasnt just a matter of putting "an extra select on a list".


 


 



 


"That a continent can be so submerged yet unfragmented makes it a useful and thought-provoking geodynamic end member in exploring the cohesion and break-up of continental crust."


Scientists have been advocating for Zealandias legitimacy for more than 20 years. The GSA paper argues that labeling Zealandia a continent has significance for the way the scientific community will conduct its research in the future.


"The identification of Zealandia as a geological continent, rather than a collection of continental islands, fragments, and slices, more correctly represents the geology of this part of Earth," the papers abstract says. "Zealandia provides a fresh context in which to investigate processes of continental rifting, thinning, and breakup."


"Zealandia illustrates that the large and the obvious in casual science can be overlooked," the researchers said. in a study first published by the Geological Society of America in GSA Today. 


The Daily Galaxy via BBC, GSN, GSA, and MIC


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 Post subject: More cooperation needed in addressing energy changes, IEF ch
PostPosted: Sat Feb 06, 2021 2:21 pm 
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More cooperation needed in addressing energy changes, IEF paramount says

More cooperation will be cultured as energy producing and consuming countries bargain with economic growth, climate change, and the inevitable transition to renewable sources, International Energy Forum Sec.-Gen. Sun Xiansheng said.



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 Post subject: Siberias "Portal to the Underworld" -- Clues to th
PostPosted: Sun Feb 07, 2021 12:25 am 
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Siberias "Portal to the Underworld" -- Clues to the Global History of Earths Climate

 


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A scientist from the University of Sussex who is researching the Batagaika Crater, a one kilometer-long and 328 feet deep mysterious megaslump in Siberia, which is expanding at a rapid rate, believes the huge hole in the ground will help scientists to map the history of the Earths climate. The crater, one of the deepest ever found, is deemed the doorway to the underworld by the local Yakutian people who have watched it expand rapidly over the past few years as higher temperatures have thawed the frozen soil.


The crater, which started to form in 1960s after a chunk of forest was cleared and the land sunk, is one of the coldest places on Earth and is home to permafrost which has helped to preserve ancient soils for thousands of years.


A recent study led by the University of Sussex has dated two forest layers of the craters frozen soil as being around 125,000 to 200,000 years old. The researchers hope this will enable scientists to compare the data from similar sites in Greenland, China, Antarctica so they can reconstruct a history of the Earth which will provide them with vital details about climate change.


Professor Julian Murton from the University of Sussex said: "The frozen soils we have discovered in this crater are some of the best preserved and oldest ever to be found in permafrost regions. Ultimately, were trying to see if climate change during the last Ice Age [in Siberia] was characterised by a lot of variability: warming and cooling, warming and cooling as occurred in the North Atlantic region. If we can understand what the ecosystem was like 125,000 and 200,000 years ago we might get some inkling into how the environment may change now as our climate warm."


The Daily Galaxy via University of Sussex


Image credit: Siberian Times




       





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 Post subject: IEA chief: Rising demand, climate change are main policy cha
PostPosted: Thu Feb 11, 2021 1:40 am 
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IEA paramount: Rising demand, climate change are main policy challenges

Meeting rising oil and gas demand while addressing global climate change more meaningfully will continue to be the worlds biggest energy policy challenges in 2019, International Energy Agency Executive Director Fatih Birol predicted.



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 Post subject: "The Anthropocene Epoch" --Scientists Propose It S
PostPosted: Sun Feb 14, 2021 8:18 pm 
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"The Anthropocene Epoch" --Scientists Propose It Should be Part of Earths Geological Time Scale

 


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"Our findings suggest that the Anthropocene should follow on from the Holocene Epoch that has seen 11.7 thousand years of relative environmental stability, since the retreat of the last Ice Age, as we enter a more unstable and rapidly evolving phase of our planets history," said Jan Zalasiewicz from the University of Leicesters School of Geography, Geology and the Environment.


The distinctive scale of human impact on our planet has changed the course of Earth history, an international team of scientists led by the University of Leicester has suggested. The researchers suggest that a multitude of human impacts have changed the course of Earths geological history, and the scale of these justifies developing a formal proposal that the Anthropocene - a concept improvised by the Nobel Prize-winning scientist Paul Crutzen in 2000 - should be made part of the Geological Time Scale.

 


Rapid changes to the planet include acceleration of rates of erosion and sedimentation; large-scale chemical perturbations to the cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements; the inception of distinctive change to global climate and sea level; and biotic changes including unprecedented levels of species invasions across the Earth.


This is a summary of the findings and interim recommendations of the international working group that has been studying the Anthropocene since 2009. Initially reported to the 2016 International Geological Congress at Cape Town, South Africa, the findings and recommendations have just been published online in the journal Anthropocene.


"Geologically, the mid-20th century represents the most sensible level for the beginning of the Anthropocene - as it brought in large global changes to many of the Earths basic chemical cycles, such as those of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and also very large amounts of novel materials such as plastics, concrete and aluminium, which will help build the strata of the future," said Mark Williams, also with the University of Leicester.



The Anthropocene Working Group - which includes University of Leicester geologists Zalasiewicz, Williams and honorary chair, Colin Waters, and archaeologist Matt Edgeworth - has been active since 2009, analysing the case for formalisation of the Anthropocene, a potential new epoch of geological time dominated by human impact on the Earth.


"The Anthropocene Working Group is now working on such a proposal, based upon finding a golden spike - a reference level within recent strata somewhere in the world that will best characterize the changes of the Anthropocene, said Waters. "Once this detailed labor is completed, it will be submitted for scrutiny by the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy of the International Commission on Stratigraphy.


"There is no guarantee of the success of this process - the Geological Time Scale is meant to be stable, and is not easily changed. Whatever decision is ultimately made, the geological reality of the Anthropocene is now lucid."


The Daily Galaxy via University of Leicester



       





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